The Persian Treatise on Saraghat-e Shea'ri (Plagiarism in Poetry) by Fakhri Heravi

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Hadi Bidaki

Assistant Professor in Persian Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.

10.22067/jls.2025.91847.1678

Abstract

Plagiarism is one of the important and long-standing topics of literary criticism, which some Persian-language rhetoricians have addressed in brief, under the influence of Arabic rhetorical works, and also on the topics of Ilm al-Badi’. But the Resale Saraghat-e Shea'ri by Fakhri Heravi, the first Persian work that was written both as an independent book and with the breadth of content and evidence on this subject between 940-962 AH in the land of Sind and in the name of the ruler there, Shah Hassan Arghun. A photocopy of this treatise is kept in the Mara'shi Library of Qom and a manuscript copy is preserved in the Cairo Darul-Kutub under the title of Tazminat. In his treatise, Fakhri mentioned the types of poetry plagiarism in four types of Tasarrof (appropriation), tawarod (unconscious imitation),  tazmin (poetic quotation), and  takallof (forced imitation), and some of these types include more detailed types and the most extensive discussions concern tasarruf (appropriation). He also used some Arabic rhetorical works about poetry plagiarism, but he used Persian poems of the 4th-10th centuries to mention the evidence related to its types and methods. The introduction and amendation of Fakhri's treatise is important in several aspects: 1- Familiarity with the fourfold categories of poetic plagiarism among Persian speakers 2- Identifying influential poets and some of their effective poems 3- Determining the poets who were influenced and analyzing their techniques in engaging with the poems of others 4 – Comparatively studying the issue of poetic plagiarism in Persian and Arabic rhetoric. At the end of the article, the necessity and method of emendation and research of Fakhri's treatise is mentioned.

Keywords

Poetic plagiarism

Fakhri Heravi

Plagiarism

Subjects

• Literary Studies

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Authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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