Sources and References of Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadani in Tamhidat and Letters

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• Niloufar Bahramzadeh ¹
• Salman Saket ²

¹ M.A Student of Persian language and literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

10.22067/jls.2025.93178.1702

Abstract

Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadani stands as one of the most remarkable mystics and intellectuals of the sixth century AH, whose profound and innovative insights have played a pivotal role in enriching Islamic mysticism and Sufism. Delving into the sources of his works and writings provides invaluable insights into the intellectual foundations and origins of his ideas. This study seeks to systematically examine the sources and references of Qadi Hamadani’s thoughts, aiming to uncover the roots of his profound reflections as comprehensively as possible. The findings reveal that Ayn al-Qudat's intellectual heritage extends beyond the works of the Ghazali brothers and Abu Talib Makki. His sources can be categorized into two distinct groups: 1. those explicitly referenced in his works, including the writings of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Qut al-Qulub by Makki, Risala al-Adhawiya, and the sayings and works of Hallaj and Sahl Tustari; and 2. those not directly mentioned but influential, such as Ta'aruf by Kalabadi, Tahzib al-Asrar by Khargushi, Haqa'iq al-Tafsir by Sulami, Sharh al-Ta'aruf by Mustamli Bukhari, and Risala al-Qushayriya by Abu al-Qasim Qushayri.

Keywords

• Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadani'
• s Sources and References
• Tamhidat
• Ayn al-Qudat'
• s Letters
• Haqa'
• iq al-Tafsir by Sulami
• Tafsir al-Qur'
• an al-Azim by Tustari

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